Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of decreased spacing between 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig (Ficus carica) trees with different numbers of fruiting branches on green fig production. Fig trees, with two or four fruiting branches, were distributed in four blocks, at a standard spacing of 2.5 m between rows, three spacing between plants in a row (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m), and densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 plants per hectare. The experiment was conducted during two cycles (2020/2021 and 2021/2022). Green fruits were harvested twice a week, and the total number of fruits per harvest and the total harvest weight per plant were quantified. The average production per plant and the estimated yield were calculated for each evaluation cycle. Decreasing the spacing between fig trees increases their yield. The spacing of 0.50 m decreases production per plant, but increases yield in 73%. There is no difference in the production of green figs between trees with two or four fruiting branches.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da diminuição do espaçamento entre figueiras 'Roxo de Valinhos' (Ficus carica) com diferentes números de ramos produtivos na produção de figos verdes. As figueiras, com dois ou quatro ramos produtivos, foram distribuídas em quatro blocos, com espaçamento padrão de 2,5 m entre linhas, espaçamentos entre plantas na linha de 0,50, 0,75 e 1,00 m, e densidades de 8.000, 5.333 e 4.000 plantas por hectare. O experimento foi conduzido durante dois ciclos (2020/2021 e 2021/2022). Os frutos verdes foram colhidos duas vezes por semana, tendo-se quantificado o número total de frutos por colheita e o peso total de colheita por planta. A produção média por planta e a produtividade estimada foram calculadas para cada ciclo de avaliação. A diminuição do espaçamento entre as figueiras aumenta a sua produtividade. O espaçamento de 0,50 m diminui a produção por planta, mas aumenta a produtividade em 73%. Não há diferença na produção de figos verdes entre as figueiras com dois ou quatro ramos produtivos.

Resumen: En este artículo se presenta una propuesta de interpretación y organización de las características fonéticas de muestras indubitadas y dubitadas a través del software SplitsTree4 con el propósito de esclarecer un presunto delito de cohecho pasivo propio en el ejercicio de la función policial en agravio del Estado. Las muestras dubitadas fueron proporcionadas por el Ministerio Público y las muestras indubitadas se obtuvieron mediante diligencias de toma de muestra de voz; asimismo, se optó por la anonimidad de los datos. Primero, se categorizaron los rasgos fonéticos pertinentes de las muestras; después, se les asignó un valor binario de existencia y no existencia; luego, la información binaria fue procesada por el software SplitsTree4 para reagrupar los rasgos de acuerdo con el universo de locutores y mostrar la compatibilidad entre las muestras indicadas. Finalmente, los resultados indican que el software SplitsTree4 cumple con el ordenamiento de los datos fonético-articulatorios para la identificación forense de voz.

Résumé: Nous proposons dans cet article un procédé d’interprétation et d’organisation des caractéristiques phonétiques d’échantillons contestables et incontestables au moyen du logiciel SplitsTree4, dans le but d’éclaircir un délit présumé de corruption passive dans l’exercice de fonctions de policier, au détriment de l’État. Les échantillons contestables ont été fournis par le Ministère Public et les échantillons incontestables ont été obtenus à travers des prises de voix ; les données ont été traitées dans des conditions d’anonymat. Dans un premier lieu, nous avons catégorisé les traits phonétiques pertinents des échantillons ; ensuite, nous leur avons assigné des valeurs binaires d’existence ou non-existence ; subséquemment, l’information binaire a été traitée par le logiciel SplitsTree4 pour regrouper les traits phonétiques selon l’univers des locuteurs et montrer la compatibilité entre les échantillons indiqués. Finalement, les résultats montrent que le logiciel SplitsTree4 permet l’arrangement de données phonético-articulatoires pour l’identification légale de voix.

Abstract: This article presents a proposal for the interpretation and organization of the phonetic characteristics of undoubted and doubted samples using SplitsTree4 software for the purpose of clarifying an alleged crime of passive bribery in the exercise of the police function to the detriment of the State. The doubted samples were provided by the Public Prosecutor’s Office and the undoubted samples were obtained by means of voice sampling; likewise, data anonymity was chosen. First, each sample’s relevant phonetic features were categorized; then, they were assigned a binary value of existence and non-existence; then, the binary information was processed by SplitsTree4 software to regroup the features according to the universe of speakers and show the compatibility between the indicated samples. Finally, the results indicate that the SplitsTree4 software complies with the sorting of phonetic-articulatory data for forensic voice identification.

abies is caused by a neurotropic virus of negative RNA chain belonging to the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae, Mononegavirals order. The rabies-causing species in the Americas is the Lyssavirus RABV with 11 antigenic variants. Humanrabies deaths have been drastically reduced in the United States over the past decade, yet cases of rabies are reported in dogs and cats infected by wild mammals. In Canada, as in the United States, the most common species of rabies reservoirs are wild mammals, mainly bats, skunks and foxes. Rabies is endemic in most of the Canadian Arctic, caused by the Arctic Rabies Virus variant. In North America, cross-species transmission has been observed. Wildlife control is carried out by oral bait vaccine, authorized in raccoons and coyotes. In Latin America and the Caribbean, canine rabies has declined by 98% and human rabies transmitted by dogs is in the way of elimination. In spite of this, Latin America faces a complex situation due to the re-emergence of canine rabies in areas declared free, emergence of human rabies transmitted by cats associated with variant 3 «Vampire», increase in wild rabies in cattle, and still a high incidence of human rabies transmitted by dogs in countries like Bolivia and Haiti. As these challenges involve people, animals and ecosystems, control strategies must be different from those applied to human rabies only. The One Health approach, which takes into account these three elements, and implies changes from the conducting an anti-rabies campaign, the way of analysing epidemiological and biomolecular data of the virus, will be essential in the search for zero human deaths, containment of wild rabies and regional elimination of canine and feline rabies.

La rabia es causada por un virus neurotrópico de cadena ARN negativa perteneciente al género Lyssavirus, familia Rhabdoviridae, orden Mononegavirales. La especie causante de rabia en las Américas es el Lyssavirus RABV con 11 variantes antigénicas. En Estados Unidos se han reducido drásticamente las muertes humanas por rabia en la última década; no obstante, se reportan casos de rabia en perros y gatos infectados por mamíferos silvestres. En Canadá, al igual que en Estados Unidos, las especies más comunes como reservorios de rabia son los mamíferos silvestres, principalmente murciélagos, zorrillos y zorros. La rabia es endémica en la mayor parte del Ártico canadiense, causada por la variante Virus Rábico del Ártico. En Norteamérica se ha observado transmisión cruzada entre especies. El control en fauna silvestre se realiza mediante vacunación con cebo oral autorizada en mapaches y coyotes. En América Latina y el Caribe, la rabia canina ha disminuido en un 98% y la rabia humana transmitida por perros se encuentra en vía de eliminación. A pesar de esto, América Latina enfrenta una situación compleja por la reemergencia de rabia canina en zonas declaradas libres, emergencia de rabia humana transmitida por gatos asociada a la variante 3 «Vampiro», aumento de rabia silvestre en el ganado y, aún, alta incidencia de rabia humana transmitida por perros en países como Bolivia y Haití. Dado que estos desafíos involucran personas, animales y ecosistemas, las estrategias de control deben ser diferentes a las aplicadas a la rabia humana únicamente. El enfoque Una Sola Salud, que tiene en cuenta estos tres elementos e implica cambios desde la manera de realizar una campaña antirrábica hasta la forma de analizar datos epidemiológicos y biomoleculares del virus, será esencial en la búsqueda de cero muertes humanas, metas de contención de rabia silvestre y eliminación regional de rabia canina y felina.

One element that affects the quality of the cane is the gap, when the harvested cane has not reached maturity or have exceeded the time of optimum maturity, affecting the juice composition in terms of quality. So the objective was to determine the influence of age and cultivar in sugarcane. In plant and first ratoon crops with aged 9-24 months, were evaluated with the aim of determining the influence of the gap in the sugar content the discriminate analysis for plant and first ratoon cane at the beginning of harvest revealed that harvest with less than 12 months and above 19 months age can result with lower sugar yields due to lag, the C1051-73 and C86-12 genotypes achieved the highest percentage of pol in cane harvested in early ages of 18 to 20 months and in the final stage of harvest was between 13 and 16 months. The gap by genotype confirmed that My5514 is not recommended for the initial stage of harvest.

Uno de los elementos que afecta la calidad de la caña es el desfase, cuando la caña cosechada no ha llegado a su madurez o se ha sobrepasado el momento de su madurez óptima, lo que afecta la composición del jugo en cuanto a su calidad. Por eso el objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la influencia de la edad y cultivar en la caña de azúcar. Se evaluaron cepas de caña planta y retoño con edades entre 9 a 24 meses con la intención de determinar la influencia del desfase en el contenido azucarero. El análisis discriminante para las cepas de caña planta y retoño a inicios de zafra, indicó que cosechar con edades inferiores a los 12 meses y superiores a los 19 meses puede traer como consecuencia la obtención de rendimientos azucareros inferiores a causa del desfase. Los genotipos C1051-73 y C86-12 lograron el mayor porcentaje de pol en caña a inicios de zafra con edades de 18 - 20 meses, en la etapa final de zafra fue entre los 13 y 16 meses. El desfase por cultivar corroboró que My5514 no es un genotipo recomendado para la etapa inicial de zafra.

The cultivar of sugarcane is the one with high productivity when grown under different environmental conditions. The most critical periods in terms of manufacturing performance, occurs in the first stage of harvest (November-January), which has been a concern of producers and a challenge for breeders. Therefore, the objective of the work is to evaluate the cultivars cane early maturing sugar high sugar and stable performance in various environments, for the start of the sugar harvest in Sialitizados non-calcium soils, using cold plantations. The experimental phase of this work was done in the experimental block Spartacus, belonging to the Territorial Research Station Sugar Cane Villa Clara, strain cane plant and first sucker. By high sugar yields and low levels of reducing sugars was obtained as a result, be used for the month of December, C86-156, C90-469, C89-148, C90-501, C92-203 and C89-161, varieties for January C87-252, C89-148, C89-161, C89-250, C90-501 and C92-203, for February cultivars C87-252, C90-469 and C92-203. The cultivars C87-252, C89-148, C89-161, C90-501 and C92-203, are noted for their stability in the variables studied at the beginning of the sugar war. Economically, it is not recommended to use C89-246 to present pol 3.27 % less than the average of the leading cultivar and reducing sugar values are above 0.38 can cause big damages in the manufacturing process.

El cultivar ideal de caña de azúcar es el que presenta alta productividad cuando se cultiva bajo diversas condiciones ambientales. Los períodos más críticos en cuanto al rendimiento fabril, ocurren en la primera etapa de zafra (noviembre-enero) lo que ha sido una preocupación de los productores y un reto para los mejoradores. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo es evaluar cultivares de caña de azúcar, de madurez temprana que tienen un alto rendimiento azucarero y son estables en varios ambientes, para el inicio de la zafra azucarera en suelos Sialitizados no cálcicos, utilizando plantaciones de frío. La fase experimental de este trabajo se realizó en el bloque experimental de Espartaco, perteneciente a la Estación Territorial de Investigaciones de la Caña de Azúcar de Villa Clara, en cepa caña planta y primer retoño. Se obtuvo como resultado por los altos rendimientos azucareros y bajos valores de los azucares reductores, utilizar durante el mes de diciembre los cultivares C86-156, C90-469, C89-148, C90-501, C92-203 y C89-161, en enero C87-252, C89-148, C89-161, C89-250, C90-501 y C92-203, para febrero C87-252, C90-469 y C92-203. Los cultivares C87-252, C89-148, C89-161, C90-501 y C92-203, se destacan por su estabilidad en las variables estudiadas al inicio de la contienda azucarera. Económicamente no se recomienda utilizar a C89-246 por presentar 3,27 % de pol menos que el promedio de los cultivares más destacadas, además, sus valores de azúcares reductores son de 0,38 por encima, lo que puede provocar grandes afectaciones en el proceso fabril.

ABSTRACT Meclofenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has shown therapeutic potential for different types of cancers, including androgen-independent prostate neoplasms. The antitumor effect of diverse nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been shown to be accompanied by histological and molecular changes that are responsible for this beneficial effect. The objective of the present work was to analyze the histological changes caused by meclofenamic acid in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Tumors were created in a nude mouse model using PC3 cancerous human cells. Meclofenamic acid (10 mg/kg/day; experimental group, n=5) or saline solution (control group, n=5) was administered intraperitoneally for twenty days. Histological analysis was then carried out on the tumors, describing changes in the cellular architecture, fibrosis, and quantification of cellular proliferation and tumor vasculature. Meclofenamic acid causes histological changes that indicate less tumor aggression (less hypercellularity, fewer atypical mitoses, and fewer nuclear polymorphisms), an increase in fibrosis, and reduced cellular proliferation and tumor vascularity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the molecular changes that cause the beneficial and therapeutic effects of meclofenamic acid in androgen-independent prostate cancer.

Este artículo presenta una revisión de los principales desarrollos que se han hecho en los últimos años en manos robóticas antropomórficas. Las primeras secciones tratan temas como el grado de antropomorfismo y de destreza en las manos robóticas más avanzadas, incluyendo una comparación entre ellas. También se abordan temas como la capacidad de agarre de los efectores finales, los mecanismos de trasmisión, el sistema actuador y sensórico, y se hace una breve introducción al tema de manos robóticas subactuadas.

This paper presents a review on main topic regarding to anthropomorphic robotic hands developed in the last years, taking into account the more important mechatronics designs submit on the literature, and making a comparison between them. The next chapters deepen on level of anthropomorphism and dexterity in advanced actuated hands and upper limbs prostheses, as well as a brief overview on issues such as grasping, transmission mechanisms, sensory and actuator system, and also a short introduction on under-actuated robotic hands is reported.

INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica afeta mais de 1,2 milhão de pessoas no mundo. Apenas 35% dos pacientes hipertensos têm valores de pressão arterial controlados. Recentemente a denervação simpática renal (DSR) tem demonstrado diminuir significativamente os valores de pressão arterial nos pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica resistente. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, de braço único, observacional, multicêntrico, incluindo pacientes consecutivos submetidos a DSR. O objetivo primário foi avaliar os níveis da pressão arterial sistólica aos 30 dias de seguimento. O objetivo secundário foi determinar a ocorrência de qualquer evento adverso relacionado com o procedimento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos os primeiros 20 pacientes submetidos a DSR. A média de pressão arterial antes do procedimento foi de 171,6/93,2 ± 15,5/11,3 mmHg, com média de uso de 4,1 ± 1,5 fármacos anti-hipertensivos por paciente. A taxa de sucesso foi de 95%, tendo sido aplicadas 11,1 ± 1,9 ablações por paciente. Foi observada diminuição média de 29 ± 21 mmHg (P = 0,009) na pressão arterial sistólica 30 dias após o procedimento. Não houve complicação associada ao procedimento. CONCLUSÕES: A DSR por cateter em pacientes da prática clínica diária diminuiu significativamente os valores de pressão arterial. Em nossa experiência, a DSR demonstrou ser factível e segura.

BACKGROUND: Systemic arterial hypertension affects over 1.2 million people worldwide. Only 35% of hypertensive patients have controlled blood pressure levels. Renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) has shown to significantly decrease blood pressure levels in patients with resistant systemic hypertension. METHODS: Prospective, single arm, observational, multicenter study including consecutive patients undergoing RSD. The primary endpoint was to assess systolic blood pressure levels at the 30-day follow-up. The secondary endpoint was to determine the presence of procedure-related adverse events. RESULTS: The first 20 patients undergoing RSD were included. The average blood pressure prior the procedure was 171.6/93.2 ± 15.5/ 11.3 mmHg, with the use of 4.1 ± 1.5 antihypertensive drugs per patient. Success rate was 95%, and 11.1 ± 1.9 ablations were performed per patient. A systolic blood pressure decrease of 29 ± 21 mmHg (P = 0.009) was observed 30 days after the procedure. There were no procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Catheter-based RSD in daily clinical practice patients significantly decreased blood pressure levels. In our experience, RSD proved to be feasible and safe.

Este artículo presenta el desarrollo de un controlador de tráfico difuso capaz de gestionar de manera autónoma, centralizada y eficiente, el flujo vehicular en un grupo de intersecciones. El sistema emplea un algoritmo de visión artificial que le permite detectar el número de autos presentes en imágenes capturadas por un conjunto de cámaras estratégicamente ubicadas en cada intersección. Usando esta información, el sistema selecciona la secuencia de acciones que optimicen el flujo vehicular dentro de la zona de control, en un escenario simulado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el sistema disminuye en un 20% los tiempos de retraso para cada vehículo y que además es capaz de adaptarse rápida y eficientemente a los cambios de flujo.

This paper presents a fuzzy traffic controller that in an autonomous, centralized and efficient way, manages vehicular traffic flow in a group of intersections. The system uses a computer vision algorithm to detect the number of cars in images captured by a set of strategically placed cameras at every intersection. Using this information, the system selects the sequence of actions that optimize traffic flow within the control area, in a simulated scenario. The results obtained show that the system reduces the delay times for each vehicle by 20% and that the controller is able to adapt smoothly to different flow changes.

RESUMEN Este artículo compara el desempeño de tres arquitecturas microcontroladas en la implementación de un controlador difuso, las cuales corresponden a un PIC18f2550, un MSP430G2452 y un DSPIC30F4011. Con el objetivo de establecer cuál de ellas ofrece una ventaja o desventaja en términos de la memoria utilizada, tanto de programa como de datos, tiempo de respuesta y potencia consumida. Permitiendo de esta forma establecer las características de cada una de ellas y criterios claros para la selección de alguna, en una aplicación de control embebida y en general cualquier aplicación que exija del dispositivo capacidad de almacenamiento y velocidad de procesamiento.

ABSTRACT This paper compares the performance of three micro-controlled architectures in the implementation of a fuzzy controller, these correspond to a PIC18F2550, a MSP430G2452 and DSPIC30F4011. In order to establish which of them offers an advantage or disadvantage in terms of memory used for both program and data, response time and power consumption. Thus allowing setting the characteristics of each and criteria for selecting one in an embedded control application and in general any application that requires the device storage capacity and processing speed.

Introduction: Yellow Fever (YF) is enzootic in Cusco, and it is a serious public health problem. A National Plan for Control and Prevention of YF was implemented, aiming at vaccinating the whole Peruvian population above 1 year of age in four stages (2004-2007); and it was expected to vaccinate all of Cusco city inhabitants (306,160 persons in this age group) between November 2004 and February 2005. The final coverage reported was 83.5%. The objective of the study was to assess vaccination coverage and knowledge and communication levels of this campaign. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective study was performed in Cusco in March 2005, using a stratified and randomized sampling technique. 954 people were interviewed in order to assess vaccination coverage and 386 for other objective measures. Results: Vaccination coverage against yellow fever in Cusco was 64.04%. Vaccinated people did not have good knowledge of: what yellow fever is (76.7%), how is it transmitted (50.9%), time in which the vaccine starts to exert its effect (84.9%), duration of the protective effect of the vaccine (92.2%), and contraindications for vaccination (65.2%). Only 0.27% remembered at least one of key messages of the campaign. Conclusions: This assessment showed that the goals for coverage in this vaccination campaign were not achieved; there were large differences between official reports (83.5%) and the results form our survey (64.04%). Immunized population was not adequately informed about the yellow fever vaccine and its vaccination campaign, which leads to question the benefits of performing campaigns affecting some basic bioethical principles.

Introducción: la fiebre amarilla (FA) es enzootica en Cusco, siendo un serio problema social de salud pública. Para enfrentar el problema se elaboro el Plan Nacional de Prevención y Control de la FA, cuyo objetivo fue vacunar a toda la población del país mayor de 1 año, en 4 etapas (2004-2007); habiéndose previsto vacunar en la ciudad del Cusco a 306 160 personas entre noviembre 2004-febrero 2005. La cobertura final oficial reportada fue del 83.5%. Objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la cobertura de vacunación y el nivel de información y comunicación de la campaña. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo realizado en la ciudad del Cusco, marzo 2005; por muestreo aleatorio estratificado; 954 personas fueron consideradas para evaluar la cobertura vacunal (CV); y 386 personas para evaluar los demás objetivos. Resultados: se evidenció que la CV contra la FA en Cusco fue del 64,04%. Las personas vacunadas, no tienen un conocimiento adecuado acerca de: que es FA (76,7%), el tiempo en que hace efecto la vacuna (84,9%), tiempo de protección de la vacuna (92,2%), contraindicaciones para la vacunación (65,2%). 58% de las personas vacunadas se informaron de la campaña de vacunación por la radio y 25% por la televisión. Solo 0,27% de los vacunados recuerda por lo menos uno de los mensajes principales de la campaña. Conclusiones: la evaluación de la CV evidenció que no se alcanzaron las metas establecidas para la campaña de vacunación, existiendo discrepancias entre lo reportado oficialmente (83,5%) y los resultados del estudio (64,04%). La población vacunada no fue debidamente informada acerca de la vacuna y la campaña de vacunación contra la FA, lo que pone en cuestión si es posible seguir implementando campañas sanitarias que afecten ciertos principios bioéticos básicos.

O artigo pretende reavaliar a importância dos Controles Internos da Administração Pública a partir de uma interpretação dada pela Teoria de Agência. O texto argumenta que os Controles Internos, definidos como os controles exercidos por uma organização sobre si própria, podem tornar-se os principais controles sobre a burocracia. O artigo conclui argumentando que os Controles Internos deveriam ser encarados como sendo parte integrante de um sistema de controles político-democráticos.

This article intends to reevaluate the importance of the Internal Controls Systems of the Public Administration from an interpretation given by the Theory of Agency. This text argues that the Internal Controls, defined as the control exerted for an organization on itself, can become the main control on the bureaucracy and that the Internal Controls should be seen as part of a system of political-democratic control.

Examina-se o impacto da nova Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação, utilizada de forma intensiva pelos governos, sobre o poder burocrático. Estuda-se, como estudo de caso, as transformações neste sentido ocorridas na administração pública paulista entre 1995 e 2002.

The impact on bureaucratic power of the new Information and Communication Technology, which is intensively used by governments, is examined. The transformations resulting from this practice evidenced in the case of the public administration in São Paulo State between 1995 and 2002 are studied.

O texto analisa as tentativas de privatização de sistemas municipais de saneamento básico no Estado de São Paulo entre 1995 e 1998, salientando a atuação, estratégias e constrangimentos enfrentados pelos principais atores envolvidos, isto é, as empresas multinacionais interessadas em expandir seus mercados ante a resistência dos setores que defendem o status quo.

Com base em um estudo de caso do governo do Estado de São Paulo no período 1995-2000 examinam-se as formas de manifestação do problema da corrupção e as medidas legais e institucionais adotadas por esse governo para controlá-lo. Especial atenção é dada à questão do fortalecimento dos controles internos do aparato estatal.

On the basis of a case study of the administration of the State government of São Paulo between 1995 and 2000 the ways in which the problem of corruption makes itself felt and the legal and institutional measures taken to put it under control are examined. Special attention is given to the question of the internal controls of the State apparatus.